Amakuru ayobya

Ubusobanuro burambuye bw’amabwiriza
Imikoreshereze y’Ukoresha ibicuruzwa

Ibisobanuro by’ingamba

GUHINDURA IBIKAMAKURU
Ishingiro ry’amabwiriza
Amakuru ayobya atandukanye n’ubundi bwoko bw’imvugo zivugwa mu mahame y'ihuriro yacu kuko nta buryo bwo kugaragaza urutonde rwuzuye rw’ibibujijwe. Hamwe n’urugomo rukabije cyangwa imyitwarire yanga, nkurugero, politiki yacu igaragaza ibintu tubuza, ndetse nabantu batemeranya nizo politiki barashobora kubikurikiza. Ku mvugo y’urwango icyakora, ntidushobora gutanga uwo murongo. Isi ihora ihinduka, kandi ikiri cyo mu munota umwe gishobora kuba kitakiri cyo mu munota ukurikiraho. Abantu kandi bagira inzego zitandukanye z’amakuru yerekeye isi y’ahabakikije, ndetse bashobora kwemera ko ikintu ari cyo mu gihe atari cyo. Amabwiriza abuzanya gusa “amakuru ayobya” ntiyatanga imenyesha ry’ingenzi ku bakoresha serivisi zacu kandi ngo ye kutubahirizwa, kuko tudafite uburenganzira bukwiye bwo kubona amakuru.
Gusa, amabwiriza yacu agaragaza ibyiciro bitandukanye by’amakuru ayobya ndetse agerageza gutanga inyobora isobanutse ku byerekeye uko dufata iyo mvugo igihe tuyibonye. Kuri buri cyiciro, uburyo bwacu bujyana no kugerageza kugereranya indangagaciro zacu z’imvugo, z’umutekano, zo kwihesha agaciro, z’ubuziranenge n’iz’ubuzima bwite.
Tuvanaho amakuru ayobya igihe akekwaho kuba yagira uruhare rutaziguye mu kaga ko gukomeretsa umubiri kegereje. Tuvanaho kandi ibikubiye mu makuru bikekwaho kugira uruhare rutaziguye mu kudahuza kw’imigendekere y’ibikorwa bya politiki. Mu kugaragaza ibirimo amakuru ayobya muri ibi byiciro, dukorana n’inzobere zigenga zifite ubumenyi n’ubuzobere mu gusesengura ukuri kw’ibikubiye mu makuru ndetse no kumenya niba bishobora kugira uruhare rutaziguye mu kaga k’ubugizi bwa nabi buri hafi. Aha harimo nk’urugero, gukorana n’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu bikorera mu gihugu mu rwego rwo kugaragaza ukuri kw’igihuha cyerekeye amakimbirane y’abasivili.
Ku yandi makuru ayobya yose, twibanda ku kugabanya ubwiganze bwayo cyangwa kurema uburyo bushobora korohereza ikiganiro gitanga umusaruro. Tuzi ko abantu akenshi bakoresha amakuru ayobya mu buryo butari ubw’ubugizi bwa nabi, nko gukabiriza ingingo ivugwa (“Iyi kipe ni yo ifite agahigo kabi mu mateka ya siporo!”) cyangwa mu rwego rwo gutera urwenya cyangwa ubuse (“Umugabo wanjye amaze kwegukana igihembo cy’Umugabo w’umwaka.”) Bashobora kandi gusangiza ubunararibonye bwabo binyuze mu nkuru zirimo ibitari ukuri. Rimwe na rimwe, abantu basangiza ibiterekerezo bwite byimbitse abantu bemera abandi bakabifata nk’ibitari byo cyangwa bagasangiza amakuru bumva ko ari ukuri ariko abandi bafata nk’atuzuye cyangwa ayobya.
Tumaze kumenya uburyo imvugo nkiyi isanzwe, twibanze ku guha abakoresha amakuru yingirakamaro mugihe hari ibishobora kuyobya cyangwa kwitiranya ibintu. Mu byo dukora, hanze ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika dukorana n’ibigo bikora ubucukumbuzi mu bice byinshi by’isi mu rwego rwo gusuzuma no kugenzura ukuri kw’ibikubiye mu makuru akwirakwizwa cyane ku mbuga zacu (reba hano na hano ku byerekeye uburyo dukoresha muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika). Uhereye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, Gahunda y’ubusobanuro bw’ihuriro ituma abantu batanga ubusobanuro bwimbitse ku byatangajwe kuri Facebook, Instagram na Threads bishobora kuyobya cyangwa gutera urujijo (reba hano). Dutanga kandi amasoko y’amakuru mu rwego rwo kongera ahaboneka amakuru n’ubumenyi bw'ikoranabuhangata kugira ngo abantu babe bahitamo ibyo basoma, bizera, ndetse basangiza ubwabo. Dusaba abantu kubimenyekanisha, bakoresheje igikoresho cya AI yacu cyifashishwa mu kumenyekanisha, igihe cyose batangaje ibikubiyemo amakuru bitishyurirwa bikubiyemo videwo zigaragaza amashusho nyakuri cyangwa amajwi nyakuri byahanzwe cyangwa byahinduriwe imiterere mu buryo w’ikoranabuhanga, kandi dushobora gushyiraho ibihano igihe batabikoze. Dushobora kandi kongeramo ikirango kubintu bimwe byakozwe muburyo bwa digitale cyangwa byahinduwe bitera ibyago byinshi cyane byo kuyobya abantu kukibazo gifitiye akamaro rubanda.
Hanyuma, ntitwemera ibikubiye mu makuru n’imyitwarire byo mu zindi ngeri bitwikira ikwirakwizwa ry’amakuru ayobya. Urugero, Amahame y'ihuriro yacu ntiyemera konti baringa, uburiganya, n’ imyifatire idahwitse ihuriweho.
Uko ibikorwa byo kuri interineti no hanze ya interineti bigenda bihinduka ndetse bitera imbere, tuzakomeza kuzamura urwego rw’aya mabwiriza. Konti za Instagram zisangiza mu buryo bwisubira amakuru ayobya ari ku rutonde ruri hasi, uretse kuvanaho ibikubiye mu makuru byazo byafatirwa ibyemezo hakurikijwe aya mabwiriza, zigabanyirizwa ikwirakwiza, zikumirirwa ubushobozi bwo kwamamaza, cyangwa zigakurwa ku mbuga zacu. Amakuru y’inyongera yerekeye ibiba igihe Meta ivanyeho ibikubiyemo amakuru wayabona hano.
Amabwiriza
Amakuru ayobya tuvanaho:
Tuvanaho amoko y'amakuru ayobya akurikira:
I. Gukomereka k'umubiri n'urugomo
Tuvanaho amakuru ayobya cyangwa ibihuha bitagenzuwe inzobere z'abafatanyabikorwa zigaragaza ko bishobora kugira uruhare rutaziguye mu guteza abantu urugomo cyangwa gukomereka k'umubiri byegereje. Dusobanura amakuru ayobya nk'ibikubiyemo amakuru undi muntu ubifitiye ububasha agaragaza ko atari ukuri. Dusobanura igihuha kitagenzuwe nk'amakuru yemejwe afite inkomoko abafatanyabikorwa b'inzobere bemeje cyane ko bigoye cyangwa bidashoboka kuyigaragaza, atagaragaza abayatanze babifitiye ububasha, adafite umwihariko uhagije kugira ngo yemezwe, cyangwa arushijeho kudafatwa nk'ukuri cyangwa kutagira ishingiro kugira ngo yizerwe.
Tuzi ko rimwe na rimwe amakuru ayobya ashobora kugaragara nk'adateye ikibazo, ashobora by'umwihariko kugira uruhare mu kuba habaho gukomeretsa hanze ya interineti, n'ibikangisho by'urugomo bishobora kugira uruhare mu kongera ibyago by'urupfu, gukomereka bikabije, cyangwa gukomereka k'umubiri. Dukorana n'ihuriro ry'imiryango itari iya leta (NGOs) rikorera ku isi hose, imiryango idaharanira inyungu, imiryango ikora ibikorwa by'ubugiraneza, n'imiryango mpuzamahanga ifite ubunararibonye muri ibyo bikorwa by'imbere mu gihugu.
Mu bihugu bifite ibyago byinshi by’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu baturage, dukorana n’abafatanyabikorwa baho kugira ngo twumve ibirego by’ibinyoma bishobora kugira uruhare mu byago byo kwangiza umubiri. Turahita dukora kugirango tumenye kandi dukureho ibirimo gukora ibyo bisabwa kurubuga rwacu. Kurugero, twumvikanye ninzobere zaho, turashobora kuvanaho ibitangazamakuru bitavuzwe haruguru bibeshya ko byerekana ibikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi, abahohotewe cyangwa abakoze ihohoterwa, intwaro, cyangwa ibikoresho bya gisirikare.
II. Amakuru ayobya atari meza ku buzima
Tugisha inama imiryango yita ku buzima ikomeye kugira ngo dutahure amakuru ayobya yerekeye ubuzima ashobora kugira uruhare rutaziguye ku kibi kiri hafi kuba ku buzima no ku mutekano rusange. Amakuru ayobya atari meza ku buzima tuvanaho arimo akurikira:
  • Amakuru ayobya yerekeye inkingo. Tuvanaho amakuru ayobya yereke inkingo igihe inzego zishinzwe ubuzima rusange zanzuye ko ayo makuru atari ay'ukuri kandi ashobora kugira uruhare mu buryo butaziguye ku kwanga inkingo kwegereje. Harimo:
    • Inkingo zitera indwara y'ubwonko ya autism (Urugero: “Inkingo zirushaho kwiyongera ni zo zituma abana benshi barwara indwara y'ubwonko ya autism muri iyi minsi.”)
    • Inkingo zitera indwara y'abana itera urupfu ruhutiyeho (Urugero: “Ntuzi ko inkingo zitera indwara y'abana itera urupfu ruhutiyeho (SIDS)?”
    • Inkingo zitera indwara zakabaye zirinda, cyangwa zigatuma umuntu uhawe urukingo arushaho kuba yakwandura indwara (Urugero: “Gukingirwa mu by'ukuri bituma urushaho kuba wakwandura indwara kuko rwifitemo ingano ntoya y'indwara. Ba maso!”)
    • Inkingo cyangwa ibizigize birica, birahumanya, birimo uburozi, byangiza ubuzima, cyangwa biteza akaga (Urugero: “Ni byo, ushobora gukingirwa, niba ntacyo bikubwiye gushyira uburozi mu mubiri wawe.”)
    • Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri karemano bwizewe cyane kurusha ubudahangarwa umuntu ahabwa (Urugero: “Byizewe cyane kwandura indwara kuruta guhabwa urukingo.”)
    • Ni akaga gakomeye guhabwa inkingo nyinshi mu gihe gito, kabone n'iyo byaba byemewe mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi (Urugero: “Ntukigere ufata urukingo rurenze rumwe mu gihe kimwe, bishyira mu kaga - sinitaye ku byo muganga wawe akaubwira!”)
    • Inkingo ntizifite ubushobozi bwo gukumira indwara zakabaye zirinda. Icyakora, ku nkingo za COVID-19, iz'ibicurane n'iza malariya ntituvanaho imvugo zivuga ko izo nkingo zidafite ubushobozi bwo kurinda umuntu kwandura izo virusi. (Ingero: Tuvanaho – “Urukingo rwa polio ntacyo rukora mu kukurinda kwandura indwara”; Tuvanaho – “Inkingo mu by'ukuri ntacyo zikora mu kukurinda kwandura indwara”; Twemera – “Urukingo ntirukubuza kwandura COVID-19, ni yo mpamvu ugomba gukomeza guhana intera no kwambara agapfukamunwa igihe uri hamwe n'abandi.”)
    • Kurwara iseru ntibishobora gutera urupfu (bisaba amakuru n'/cyangwa ubusobanuro by'inyongera) (Urugero: “Witinya kuba warwara iseru, ntishobora kwica.”)
    • Vitamini C ifite ubushobozi bwo kurinda indwara inkingo zibereyeho.
  • Amakuru ayobya yerekeye ubuzima mu bihe bikomeye byo guhangana n'ikibazo cyibasiye ubuzima rusange. Tuvanaho amakuru ayobya mu bihe by'ibibazo by'ubuzima rusange bikomeye iyo inzego zishinzwe ubuzima rusange zemeje ko ayo makuru atari ukuri kandi ashobora kugira uruhare mu kaga ko kuba vuba habaho gukomeretsa umubiri, akaba yanagira uruhare mu kaga ko kwandura cyangwa gukwirakwiza indwara ikomeye kw'abantu cyangwa kuba bakwanga urukingo rwayo. Tumenya ibihe bikomeye byo guhangana n'ikibazo cyibasiye ubuzima rusange dufatanije n'inzego zishinzwe ubuzima mu bihugu no ku isi hose.
  • Kwamamaza cyangwa gukorera ubuvugizi ubuvuzi bwo mu buryo bw'ibitangaza butari bwiza ku bibazo by'ubuzima. Aha harimo imiti ifite imikoreshereze igenwe, mu rwego rw'ubuzima, ishobora mu buryo butazivuye gutera ibyago byo gukomereka bikomeye cyangwa urupfu, kandi ikoreshwa ry'uwo muti rikaba ritemewe n'amategeko (urugero: imiti yica udukoko, imiti ikumira udukoko, pomade y'umukara, ikinyabutabire cya caustic soda).
III. Inzitizi ku matora n'ibarura
Mu rwego rwo kuzamura urwego rw'ubwizerwe bw'amatora n'ibarura, tuvanaho amakuru ayobya ashobora mu buryo butaziguye gutuma habaho ikibazo cy'inzitizi mu bushobozi bw'abantu bwo kwitabira ibyo bikorwa. Aha harimo akurikira:
  • Amakuru ayobya yerekeye amatariki, ahantu, amasaha, n'uburyo bwo gutora, kwiyandikisha kw'abatora, cyangwa kwitabira ibarura.
  • Amakuru ayobya yerekeye abashobora gutora, ibyo umuntu agomba kuba yujuje kugira ngo atore, niba ijwi rizabarwa, n’amakuru cyangwa ibikoresho bigomba gutangwa kugira ngo habeho gutora.
  • Amakuru ayobya avuga ko umukandida ahatanira cyangwa adahatanira umwanya.
  • Amakuru ayobya avuga abashobora kwitabira ibarura n'amakuru cyangwa ibyangombwa bigomba gutangwa kugira ngo umuntu aryitabire.
  • Amakuru ayobya yerekeye uruhare rwa leta mu ibarura, igihe biri ngombwa, ku bijyanye no kuba amakuru y'umuntu atanga mu ibarura azasangizwa ikindi kigo cya leta (kidashinzwe ibijyanye n'ibarura).
  • Ibinyoma cyangwa bidafite ishingiro bivuga ko Amerika Ikigo gishinzwe abinjira n'abasohoka na gasutamo (ICE) kiri ahabera amatora.
  • Imvugo zitari ukuri zerura ko abantu bazandura COVID-19 (cyangwa indi ndwara yandura) igihe baramuka bitabiriye igikorwa cy'amatora.
  • Ibinyoma bivuga kubyerekeranye nuburyo bugezweho aho Amerika yatoye byatuma bidashoboka gutora, nkuko byemejwe n’ubuyobozi bw’amatora.
Dufite amabwiriza y'inyongera agamije gukumira guhamagarira abantu urugomo, kwamamaza ubwitabire bunyuranyije n'amategeko, no guhamagarira abantu inzitizi ziyobowe mu matora, agaragazwa mu bindi byiciro by'amahame y'ihuriro yacu.
Kubirimo bikurikira, dushyiramo label itanga amakuru:
Itangazamakuru ritagira ubwisanzure
Mediya zishobora guhindurwa mu buryo bwinshi. Inshuro nyinshi, izo mpinduka ntizigaragara neza, nko kuba ibikubiyemo amakuru byakatwaho ibice runaka cyangwa bikagabanyirizwa ingano ku mpamvu z'umurimbo cyangwa bikongerwamo umuziki. Mu bindi bihe, manipulation ntabwo igaragara kandi irashobora kujijisha.
  • Ibirimwo Byaremwe Byakozwe cyangwa Byahinduwe Bishobora Kiyobya Kubirimo bitanyuranyije nubuziranenge bwabaturage, turashobora gushyira ikirango cyamakuru kumakuru yibirimo - cyangwa kwanga ibirimo byatanzwe nkiyamamaza - mugihe ibirimo ari ishusho cyangwa amashusho yerekana amafoto, cyangwa amajwi yumvikana neza, yakozwe muburyo bwa digitale cyangwa yahinduwe kandi itera ibyago byinshi cyane byo gushuka mubintu kubintu bifatika rusange.
Imikoreshereze y’ukoresha ibicuruzwa
Dore zimwe mu ngero zigaragaza uko iyubahiriza rigaragarira abantu kuri Facebook, nka: uko bigenda gutangira raporo ibyo utekereza ko bidakwiye kuba kuri Facebook, kubwirwa ko wanyuranyije n’amahame y'ihuriro yacu no kubona mugaragaza iburira ku bikubiyemo amakuru amwe n'amwe.
Icyitonderwa: Duhora tunoza, bityo rero ibyo ubona aha bishobora kuba bitakijyanye n’igihe ugereranije n’ibyo dukoresha ubu.
IMIKORESHEREZE Y’UKORESHA
Gutanga raporo
IMIKORESHEREZE Y’UKORESHA
Amakuru atangwa nyuma ya raporo
IMIKORESHEREZE Y’UKORESHA
Igikorwa cy’ivanaho
IMIKORESHEREZE Y’UKORESHA
Mugaragaza ziburira
Iyubahirizamategeko
Dufite amabwiriza amwe ku isi yose no kuri bose kuri Facebook.
Itsinda risuzuma
Itsinda ryacu rikorera ku isi yose rigizwe n’abagenzuzi basaga 15000 bakora buri munsi kugira ngo babungabunge umutekano w’abantu kuri Facebook.
Uruhare rw’abafatanyabikorwa
Inzobere zo hanze y’ikigo, abarimu bo muri za kaminuza, imiryango itari iya leta (NGOs) n’abashyiraho amabwiriza badufasha kumenyesha abantu amabwiriza y'ihuriro ya Facebook.
Kubona ubufasha ku bijyanye n’amakuru ayobya
Menya ibyo wakora igihe hari ibyo ubonye kuri Facebook binyuranyije n’amahame y'ihuriro.
Sura ahatangirwa ubufasha hacu