Imyitwarire ibiba urwango

Ubusobanuro burambuye bw’amabwiriza
Imikoreshereze y’ukoresha ibicuruzwa
yerekeye

Ibisobanuro by’ingamba

GUHINDURA IBIKAMAKURU
Ishingiro ry’amabwiriza
Twizera ko abantu bakoresha amajwi yabo kandi bakihuza bisanzuye iyo bumva badasagarirwa bitewe n’abo bari bo. Ni yo mpamvu tutemera imyitwarire ibiba urwango kuri Facebook, Instagram, cyangwa Threads.
Dusobanura imyitwarire ibiba urwango nko kwibasira abantu mu buryo butaziguye — aho kuba ibitekerezo cyangwa inzego — hashingiwe ku byo twita imiterere irinzwe (PCs): ibara ry’uruhu, ubwoko, igihugu cy’inkomoko, ubumuga, imyemerere ishingiye ku madini, urwego rw’imibereho, imyumvire iganisha ku gitsina, igitsina, ibyiyumvo ku gitsina umuntu yumva abarizwamo n’indwara ikomeye. Ikindi, dufata imyaka y’ubukure nk’imiterere irinzwe iyo ivugiwe hamwe n’indi miterere irinzwe. Turinda kandi impunzi, abimukira, abajya gutura mu bihugu batavukiyemo n’abasaba ubuhungiro ibikorwa byo kwibasirwa gukomeye kurusha ibindi (Urwego rwa 1 ruri hasi), n’ubwo twemera ko hatangwa ibitekerezo cyangwa hakorwa isesengura kuri gahunda z'abinjira n'abasohoka. Kimwe n’ibyo, hari ubwirinzi dutanga ku miterere itarinzwe, nk’akazi umuntu ukora, iyo ivugiwe hamwe n’imiterere irinzwe. Rimwe na rimwe, hashingiwe ku itandukaniro rito mu busobanuro ry'ijambo rikoreshwa imbere mu gihugu, amagambo cyangwa interuro zimwe na zimwe tuzifata nk'izigaragaza izikoreshwa kenshi ku miterere irinzwe.
Tuvanaho imvugo zitesha abantu agaciro, imvugo z’urukozasoni cyangwa ziganisha ku byaha bikomeye n’amagambo asebanya. Tuvanaho kandi ikoreshwa ry’ibitekerezo bitari ukuri ku bantu biganisha ku bugizi bwa nabi, ari byo dusobanura nk’igereranya ritesha agaciro ryagiye rikoreshwa mu mateka mu kwibasira, gukanga, cyangwa guheza amatsinda y’abantu yihariye, kandi akenshi bigira aho bihurira n’urugomo rwo hanze ya interineti. Hanyuma, tukavanaho ibitutsi bikabije, imvugo zigaragaza kutishimira cyangwa kunena, kuvuma abantu, n’imvugo zihamagarira iheza cyangwa ivangura igihe hibasirwa abantu hashingiwe ku miterere irinzwe. Dushyira iyi mvugo mu byiciro bibiri bijyanye n’uburemere, bisobanurwa hasi.
Tuzi ko abantu rimwe na rimwe basangiza ubutumwa burimo amagambo asebanya cyangwa ibyavuzwe n’undi muntu kugira ngo bamagane iyo mvugo cyangwa bayimenyeshe abantu. Mu zindi ngero, imvugo, zirimo amagambo asebanya, zishobora kugira ukundi zitubahiriza amahame yacu zikoreshwa mu buryo bwo kwivugaho cyangwa mu buryo bwo kongerera imvugo ireme. Twemere ibyavuzwe nk’ibi iyo umugambi w’uwabivuze usonabutse: Igihe umugambi bafite udasobanutse, dushobora kuvanaho ubutumwa.
Abantu rimwe na rimwe bakoresha imvugo idakomoza ku gitsina iyo bavuga ku hantu akenshi hagenerwa abantu bijyanye n’igitsina, nko kubona ubwogero, amashuri yihariye, inshingano zihariye mu gisirikari, mu nzego z’iyubahirizamategeko, cyangwa mu kwigisha, no kujya mu matsinda yita ku buzima cyangwa atanga ubufasha. Mu bindi bihe, bahamagarira abandi iheza cyangwa bagakoresha imvugo itukana mu rwego rwo kuganira ku nsanganyamatsiko zerekeye poritike cyangwa iyobokamana, nk’igihe haganirwa ku burenganzira bw’abihinduje igitsina, ku bwimukira, cyangwa ku baryamana bahuje ibitsina. Hanyuma, rimwe na rimwe abantu bavuga nabi ku muntu w’igitsina runaka mu gihe cy’itandukana ry’abakundanye. Amabwiriza yacu yateguriwe guha umwanya imvugo nk’izi.
Witangaza:
Urwego rwa 1
Ubutumwa bugambiriye umuntu cyangwa itsinda ry’abantu (uretse amatsinda asobanurwa nk’ayakoze ibyaha by’ubugizi bwa nabi cyangwa bishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa afite umubare utuzuye kimwe cya kabiri cy’abagize itsinda) hashingiwe ku miterere irinzwe yabo yagaragajwe cyangwa ibijyanye n’irangamimerere ry’abinjira n’abasohoka mu gihugu mu nyandiko cyangwa mu mashusho na:
  • Imvugo itesha abantu agaciro mu buryo bwo kugereranya cyangwa gushyira abantu mu rwego rumwe n’inyamaswa, udukoko dutera indwara, cyangwa ibindi bitari abantu, birimo:
    • Udusimba duto (turimo ariko tutagarukira ku: inyenzi, inzige)
    • Inyamaswa muri rusange cyangwa amoko y’inyamaswa yihariye zifatwa mu buryo bushingiye ku muco nk’izihabwa agaciro gake (zirimo ariko zitagarukira ku: Abirabura n’inguge cyangwa ibiremwa bisa n’inguge; Abayahudi n’imbeba; Abayisilamu n’ingurube; Abanyamegizike n’iminyorogoto)
    • Udukoko, virusi, cyangwa mikorobe
    • Ibitari abantu (birimo ariko bitagarukira ku: inyamaswa z'ishyamba, amashitani, ibikoko)
  • Imvugo z’urukozasoni cyangwa ziganisha ku byaha bikomeye:
    • Abagizwe imbata n'imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa abakururwa no gusambanya abana (barimo ariko batagarukira ku: Abayisilamu bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina n’ihene cyangwa ingurube)
    • Abagome (barimo ariko batagarukira ku: abaterabwoba, abicanyi)
  • Imvugo zihamagarira cyangwa zizeza ubugizi bwa nabi bukurikira (ibikangisho bikomeye cyangwa byihariye n’imvugo zihamagarira abantu urugomo bisuzumwa hakurikijwe Amabwiriza yacu yerekeye urugomo no gushishikariza abantu kurukora):
    • Kwandura indwara
    • Kubaho kw’ibiza
    • Kwikomeretsa bigambiriwe cyangwa kwiyahura
    • Urupfu rutagira uwaruteje cyangwa uburyo bwakoreshejwe
    • Impanuka n’ubundi buryo bwo kugirira nabi umubiri bidakozwe n’umuntu cyangwa bikozwe n’imbaraga z’imana
  • Imvugo zivuga abantu nabi kuva kera zishingira ku gukanga cyangwa ku rugomo, nk’uburyo bwo kwisiga ibirungo byirabuza mu maso kw’abazungu bwa Blackface; Guhakana jenoside yakorewe abayahudi; imvugo zemeza ko abayahudi ari bo bagenzura ibigo by'imari, bya politiki, cyangwa by'itangazamakuru; kwita abo mu bwoko bw'aba Dalits nk'abakora imirimo iciriritse; no kugereranya Abirabura n’ibikoresho byo mu buhinzi-bworozi.
  • Gukwena igitekerezo, ibikorwa cyangwa abagizweho ingaruka n’ibyaha bishingiye ku rwango kanone n’iyo nta muntu nyawe waba ugaragazwa mu ishusho.
  • Guseka abantu ku bwo kwandura cyangwa kurwara indwara runaka.
  • Ibikubiyemo amakuru asobanura cyangwa yibasira abantu mu buryo budakwiye hifashishijwe amagambo asebanya. Amagambo asebanya asobanurwa nk’amagambo mu miterere yayo azana umwuka wo guheza no gukanga abantu hashingiwe ku miterere irinzwe, akenshi kubera ko aya magambo afitanye isano n’ivangura, ikandamiza, n’urugomo bishingiye ku mateka.
Urwego rwa 2
Ubutumwa bugambiriye umuntu cyangwa itsinda ry’abantu hashingiwe ku miterere irinzwe yabo (mu nyandiko cyangwa mu mashusho) no:
  • Guhamagarira cyangwa gushyigikira iheza cyangwa ivangura cyangwa imvugo zumvikanisha umugambi wo guheza cyangwa kuvangura, bisobanurwa nka:
    • Iheza rusange, bivuze guhamagarira abantu iheza cyangwa ivangura rusange, nka “Nta X wemewe!”
    • Iheza muri politiki, bivuze kwangira abantu kugira uburenganzira bwo kugira uruhare muri poritike cyangwa guha ishingiro ifungwa cyangwa kwangirwa uburengazira muri poritike.
    • Iheza rishingiye ku bukungu, risobanura kwangira abantu ku burenganzira mu by’ubukungu no kubakumirira guhangana ku isoko ry’umurimo. Twemera ibikubiyemo amakuru arimo gushyigikira inzitizi zishingiye ku gitsina ku kazi ko mu gisirikari, mu nzego z’iyubahirizamategeko, no mu kwigisha. Twemera ibikubiyemo ayo makuru kandi hashingiwe ku imyumvire iganisha ku gitsina, iyo ibikubiyemo amakuru bishingiye ku myemerere ishingiye ku iyobokamana.
    • Iheza mu mibereho, bivuze ibintu birimo kwangira abantu gukoresha ahantu (hagaragara cyangwa ho kuri interineti) na serivisi z’imibereho rusange, uretse guhezwa bishingiye ku gitsina ahantu hasanzwe hakumirwa bijyanye n’igitsina runaka, nko mu bwiherero, mu mikino ngororamubiri n’amarushanwa y’imikino ngororamubiri, mu matsinda yita ku buzima n’atanga ubufasha, n’amashuri yihariye.
  • Ibitutsi birimo ibyerekeye:
    • Imiterere, birimo ariko bitagarukira ku gushinjwa ubugwari, ubunyangamugayo buke, ibyaha byoroheje, ingeso yo kuryamana na benshi cyangwa ibindi bikorwa bigayitse bifitanye isano n’igitsina.
    • Ibigaragaza ubuzima bwo mutwe, birimo ariko bitagarukira ku mvugo zemeza ibyerekeye kugira ubwenge buke, ubushobozi bw’imitekerereze, n’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe, n’igereranya ridafitiwe gihamya hagati y’amatsinda ya PC hashingiwe ku bushobozi bw’imitekerereze karemano. Twemera imvugo zemeza uburwayi bwo mu mutwe cyangwa ubumuga iyo zishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa imyumvire iganisha ku gitsina, hitawe ku biganiro bya poritike n’iyobokamana byerekeye kwihinduza igitsina no kuryamana kw’abahuje ibitsina n’ikoreshwa risanzwe kandi ridahagazweho cyane ry’amagambo nka “bitangaje.”
    • Mu zindi ngeri, zirmo ariko zitagarukira ku magambo yemeza kutagira agaciro, kutagira umumaro, ububi, umwanda.
  • Imvugo zishaka kumvikanisha ko ugambiriwe atera uburwayi, burimo ariko butagarukira ku “kuntera kuruka.”
  • Ibitutsi byibasira umuntu, uretse ibitutsi bimwe na bimwe bishingiye ku gitsina bitukanwa igihe habayeho gutandukana kw’abakundanaga, bisobanurwa nko:
    • Ikoreshwa rigambiriwe ry’ijambo “gaswere” cyangwa izindi nyito za “gaswere” hagamijwe gutukana, nka “Baragaswera ab’ [Imiterere irinzwe]!”
    • Amagambo cyangwa interuro bishishikariza abantu gukora igikorwa cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina, cyangwa guhuza umubiri n’imyanya ndagagitsina, innyo, amabyi cyangwa inkari, birimo ariko bitagarukira ku: onka imboro yanjye, soma ikibuno cyanye, rya amabyi.
Kuri aya mahame y'ihuriro akurikira, dusaba andi makuru na/cyangwa izindi mpamvu kugira ngo yubahirizwe:
Witangaza:
  • Ubutumwa butanga cyangwa bwerekana mu buryo bweruye ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi bigamije guhindura imyumvire ishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa ibiranga igitsina ku bantu.
  • Ubutumwa bwibasira ibitekerezo rusange, inzego, ibitekerezo, ibikorwa, cyangwa imyemerere bijyana n’imiterere irinzwe, bishobora kugira uruhare mu gukomeretsa umubiri byegereje, iterabwoba cyangwa ivangura rikorewe bijyana n’iyo miterere irinzwe. Meta isuzuma urwunge rw’ibimenyetso kugira ngo yemeze niba hari igikangisho cy’ubugizi bwa nabi mu butumwa. Ibi birimo ariko ntibigarukira ku: ubutumwa bushobora kumvikanisha urugomo cyangwa iterabwoba byegereje; kuba ari mu gihe cy’umwuka mubi nko mu matora cyangwa hari amakimbirane ari kuba; no kuba harigeze habaho urugomo rwakorewe itsinda ririnzwe rigambiriwe. Rimwe na rimwe, dushobora no gusuzuma niba uvuga ari icyamamare cyangwa afite umwanya mu butegetsi.
Ku mpamvu zimwe na zimwe, tuzemerera ubutumwa bushobora kugira ukundi butubahiriza Amahame y'ihuriro igihe bigaragajwe ko ubwo butumwa ari ubuse. Ubutumwa buzemerwa gusa ari uko ibibugize byica amahame ari ibitera ubuse cyangwa byitirirwa ikindi kintu cyangwa undi umuntu hagamijwe kumukwena cyangwa kumujora.
Icyitonderwa: niba uri umukoresharubuga ubarizwa mu Muryango w'Ibihugu by'Uburayi, kandi ukaba ubona ibikubiyemo amakuru wumva anyuranyije n’amategeko yerekeye imvugo y'urwango mu gihugu utuyemo, ushobora gutanga ubusabe bwo kubivanaho bushingiye ku mategeko kuri Facebook cyangwa Instagram.
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