Ibigo n'Abantu bateza akaga

Ubusobanuro burambuye bw’amabwiriza
Imikoreshereze y’ukoresha ibicuruzwa
yerekeye

Ibisobanuro by’ingamba

GUHINDURA IBIKAMAKURU
Ishingiro ry’amabwiriza
Mu rwego rwo kwirinda no gukumira ubugizi bwa nabi mu isi, ntitwemerera ibigo cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo batangaza umugambi mubisha cyangwa bishobora mu rugomo kugaragara ku mbuga zacu. Dusuzuma izi nzego dushingiye ku myitwarire yazo yo kuri interineti no hanze ya interineti, cyane ku bibahuza n’urugomo. Mu rwego rw’aya mabwiriza, duhitamo abantu ku giti cyabo, ibigo n’amahuriro y’abantu. Uko guhitamo kugabanywa mu nzego ebyiri zigaragaza urwego iyubahirizamategeko ku butumwa, aho Urwego rwa 1 ari rwo rwubahirizwaho amategeko byagutse cyane kuko twibwira ko izo nzego zifite aho zihurira mu buryo butazigue n’ubugizi bwa nabi bwo hanze ya interineti.
Urwego rwa 1 rwibanda ku nzego zishora mu bikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi bikomeye byo hanze ya interineti - harimo gutegura no guha ishingiro urugomo rukorerwa abasivili, gutesha agaciro abantu mu buryo busubiramo cyangwa guha ishingiro ubugizi bwa nabi bukorerwa abantu hashingiwe ku miterere irinzwe, cyangwa kwishora mu byaha byateguwe. Urwego rwa 1 rurimo ibigo bibiba urwango; ibikora ibyaha by’ubigizi bwa nabi, harimo ibigaragazwa na guverinoma ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika by’umwihariko bizwi nk’ibigo bicuruza ibiyobyabwenge (SDNTKs); n’ibigo by’iterabwoba, harimo inzego n’abantu ku giti cyabo bagaragazwa na guverinoma ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika nk’Ibigo by’amahanga bigira uruhare mu bikorwa by’iterabwoba (FTOs) cyangwa by’umwihariko ibigaragazwa nk’Ibigo mpuzamahanga by’iterabwoba (SDGTs). Tuvanaho ishimagizwa, ishyigikirwa, n’igaragazwa ry’inzego zo mu rwego rwa 1, abayobozi bazo, abazishinze, cyangwa abanyamuryango bazo b’imena, kimwe n’amagambo ateruye abavugaho.
Ikindi kuri ibyo, ntitwemera ubutumwa bushimagiza, bushyigikira, cyangwa bugaragaza ibikorwa Meta ifata nk’ibikorwa by’urugomo - birimo ibitero by’iterabwoba, ibikorwa bibiba urwango, urugomo rugira ingaruka kuri benshi cyangwa igeragezwa ry’urugomo rugira ingaruka kuri benshi, ubwicanyi bw'urusorongo, cyangwa ibyaha bishingiye ku rwango. Ntitwemera kandi (1) ubutuma bushimagiza, bushyigikira, cyangwa igaragazwa ry’uwagabye(abagabye) ibyo bitero; (2) ibikubiyemo amakuru atangwa n'uwakoze icyaha yerekeye ibyo bitero; cyangwa (3) amashusho atangazwa n'abandi bantu agaragaza ibyo bitero bigabwa ku nzirakarengane zigaragara. Tuvanaho kandi ubutumwa bushimagiza, bushyigikira cyangwa bugaragaza ingengabitekerezo zamamaza urwango, nk’amatwara y’aba Nazi no kwishyira hejuru kw’abazungu. Tuvanaho imvugo ziteruye zerekeye ibi bikorwa cyangwa ingengabitekerezo byagaragajwe.
Urwego rwa 2 rubarizwamo abanyarugomo batari ku ruhande rwa leta bishora mu rugomo rukorerwa inzego za leta cyangwa z’igisirikari binyuze mu mirwano yitwaje intwaro ariko badasagarira abasivili ku bushake. Harimo kandi inzego ziteza urugomo kandi zitegura cyangwa ziha ishingiro urugomo rwitezwe mu gihe kiri imbere ariko zikaba zitarakora urugomo kugeza ubu. Izo kandi ni inzego zishobora mu buryo bwisubira kutubahiriza amabwiriza yacu yerekeye imvugo z'urwango cyangwa inzego n’abantu bateza ibibazo ku rubuga cyangwa hanze yarwo. Tuvanaho ishimagizwa, ifashwa mu buryo bw’ibifatika, n’igaragazwa ry’izo nzego, abayobozi bazo, abazishinze, cyangwa abanyamuryango bazo b’imena.
Tuzi ko abakoresha ibicuruzwa byacu bashobora gusangiza ibikubiyemo amakuru agaragaza ibigo n’abantu bateza akaga bagaragajwe mu rwego rw’ibiganirompaka hagati y’abantu n’ibya politike. Aha harimo ibikubiyemo gutanga raporo, kuganira mu buryo butabogama cyangwa kwamagana inzego n’abantu bateza akaga n’ibikorwa byabo.
Amakuru atangazwa arimo amakuru asangizwa hagamijwe kumenyesha abantu ibikorwa by’imbere mu gihugu cyangwa byo ku rwego rw’isi bifitwemo uruhare n’ibigo n’abantu bateza akaga bagaragajwe.
  • Urugero: “Amakuru mashya: Al-Shabab yigambye kugaba igitero muri Somaliya”
  • Urugero: “Indangagihe n’ubusesenguzi bw’impuguke: Uko iraswa ry’amasasu ryabere ku iguriro rya Buffalo ryagenze n’icyo uwarashe yavuze mu rukiko”
Ikiganiro kiteruye kibamo ingingo zishingiye ku ngero zifatika, ubusongerangingo, ibibazo, n’andi makuru atavuga neza ikigo cyangwa umuntu bateza akaga bagaragajwe n’imyitwarire yabo.
  • Urugero: “Al Qaeda ntikanganye cyane nka ISIS bitewe no kutagira ubuyobozi n’amafaranga
  • Urugero: “Anders Breivik ni rumwe mu ngero zigaragaza uko igikorwa cy’impinduramatwara gishobora gukomera”
Kwamagana kubamo kutemera, guterwa iseseme, gutesha agaciro, kujora, gukwena, n’izindi mvugo zitari nziza zerekeye ikigo cyangwa umuntu bateza akaga n’imyitwarire yabo.
  • Urugero: “Sinshimishijwe n’icyaha cya Salvador Ramos. Amagambo y’umucamanza yagize ishingiro cyane kuri njye. Ntakwiye kubabarirwa n’urukiko”
  • Urugero: “Ibyaha bya Hitileri ntibizigera byibagirana. Ibi byari bimwe mu bihe bikomeye cyane byabayeho mu mateka”
Amabwiriza yacu agamije guha umwanya ibiganiro nk’ibi ari na ko akumira kuba habaho ubugizi bwa nabi bwo hanze ya interineti. Bityo dusaba abantu kugaragaza neza icyo bagamije igihe bashyizeho cyangwa basangije ubutumwa nk’ubu. Igihe umugambi w’ukoresha ibicuruzwa urimo urujijo cyangwa udasobanutse neza, tubuvanaho mu buryo busanzweho.
Hakurikijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga agenga uburenganzira bwa muntu, amabwiriza yacu yemera ibiganiro byerekeye uburenganzira bwa muntu bw’abantu ku giti cyabo bagaragajwe cyangwa abanyamuryango b’inzego ziteza akaga zagaragajwe, uretse igihe ubutumwa burimo irindi singizwa, ishyigikirwa, cyangwa igaragazwa ry’inzego zagaragajwe cyangwa ukundi kutubahiriza amabwiriza, nko gushishikariza abantu urugomo.
Turagusaba kureba Amabwiriza y’ikigo agenga uburenganzira bwa muntu yacu niba ushaka andi makuru yerekeye uruhare rwacu mu burenganzira bwa muntu bwubahirizwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Tuvanaho:
Tuvanaho ishimagizwa, ishyigikirwa n’igaragazwa ry’ibigo n’abantu bateza akaga batandukanye. Ibyo bitekerezo bikurikizwa ku bigo ubwabyo, ibikorwa byabyo, n’ababigize. Ibyo bitekerezo ntibikuraho ubuvugizi bukorwa mu mahoro bugamije umusaruro runaka mu bya politiki.
Igaragazwa, risobanurwa na buri kimwe mu bikurikira:
  • Kwemeza cyangwa kurengera ibikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi cyangwa urwango byikigo cyagenwe uvuga ko ibyo bikorwa bifite umuco, politiki, byumvikana cyangwa ibindi bifite ishingiro bituma byemerwa cyangwa byumvikana.
    • Urugero: “Hitileri nta kibi yakoze.”
  • Kuranga cyangwa kwishimira ihohoterwa cyangwa urwango rw'ikigo cyagenwe nk'ibyagezweho cyangwa ibyagezweho;
    • Urugero: “Hizbul Mujahideen yatsinze intambara ku bwisanzure kandi bwigenga”
  • Icyifuzo cyo kuba umunyamuryango cyangwa itangazo wifuza kuba urwego rwabigenewe cyangwa nyirabayazana w’ihohoterwa rikorerwa.
    • Urugero: Ati: "Icyampa nkinjira muri ISIS nkaba umwe muri Khilafah"
Tuvanaho isingizwa ry’ibigo byo mu Rwego rwa 1 n’Urwego rwa 2 kimwe n’ibikorwa byagaragajwe.
Ku Rwego rwa 1 n’ibikorwa byagaragajwe, dushobora kandi kuvanaho imvugo ziteruye cyangwa zidahuye n’ibivugwa igihe ikigamijwe n’ukoresha ibicuruzwa kitagaragajwe mu buryo busobanutse. Aha harimo amarangamutima ateruye, amashusho atagira insobanuro cyangwa imvugo zikwiye bidasingiza urugomo cyangwa urwango by’ikigo cyagaragajwe.
Ubufasha, busobanurwa na buri kimwe mu bikurikira:
  • Ubufasha bw’ibifatika
    • Igikorwa cyose kizamura urwego rw’ubukungu rw’ikigo cyagaragajwe – harimo kunyereza amafaranga ajya cyangwa ava mu kigo cyagaragajwe;
      • Urugero: “Mutere inkunga KKK!”
    • Igikorwa cyose giha ubufasha bw’ibikoresho ikigo cyangwa igikorwa cyagaragajwe;
      • Urugero: “Niba ushaka kohereza ibikoresho byo gufasha umutwe w’amabandi wa Sinaloa Cartel, koresha iyi aderesi:”
    • Kwinjiza abayoboke bashya bikozwe mu izina ry’ikigo cyangwa igikorwa cyagaragajwe;
      • Urugero: “Niba ushaka kurwanira Caliphate, nyandikira ubutumwa”
  • Ubundi bufasha
    • Gutangaza amakuru cyangwa amasoko y’amakuru, harimo amatangazo yemewe, mu izina ry’ikigo cyangwa igikorwa cyagaragajwe
      • Urugero: Kuvuga mu buryo butaziguye ikigo cyagaragajwe hadashyizweho insobanuro yamagana, ivuga mu buryo butabogamye, cyangwa ikubiye mu makuru yatangawe.
    • Gushishikariza abantu kwitabira igikorwa mu izina ry’ikigo cyangwa igikorwa cyagaragajwe;
      • Urugero: "Vugana na Atomwaffen Division - (XXX) XXX – XXXX"
Tuvanaho ubufasha bw’ibifatika bwose ku Rwego rwa 1 n’Ubufasha bw’ingenzi ku Rwego rwa 2.
Igaragazashusho, risobanurwa na buri kimwe mu bikurikira:
  • Kuvuga ko uri umwe mu bagize ikigo cyagaragajwe, cyangwa ko uri ikigo cyagaragajwe;
    • Urugero: “Ndi indwanyi nkuru ya KKK.”
  • Gukora Paji, Umwirondoro w’umuntu, Igikorwa, Itsinda cyangwa urundi rwego rwa Facebook rufatwa nk’urw’ikigo cyagaragajwe cyangwa rukoreshwa mu izina ryacyo, cyangwa rufatwa nk’igikorwa cyagaragajwe.
    • Urugero: Paji yitwa “Ishyaka ry’aba Nazi b’Abanyamerika.”
Tuvanaho Igaragazashusho ry’Ibigo byagaragajwe byo mu Rwego rwa 1 n’Urwego rwa 2, n’ibikorwa byagaragajwe.
Amoko n’Inzego by’Ibigo biteza akaga
Urwego rwa 1: Iterabwoba, urwango ruteguwe, icyaha kiri ku rwego rwagutse, kugerageza urugomo rugira ingaruka kuri benshi, urugomo rugira ingaruka kuri benshi, ubwicanyi bw'urusorongo, n’ibikorwa by’ihohotera
Ntitwemerera abantu cyangwa ibigo byishoye mu cyaha cyateguwe, harimo ibigaragazwa na guverinoma ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika by’umwihariko bizwi nk’ibigo bicuruza ibiyobyabwenge (SDNTKs); urwango; cyangwa iterabwoba, harimo ibigo bigaragzwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika by’umwihariko bizwi nk’Ibigo by’amahanga bigira uruhare mu bikorwa by’iterabwoba (FTOs) cyangwa Ibigo mpuzamahanga by’iterabwoba (SDGTs), kuba ku rubuga. Ntitwemerera kandi abandi bantu guhagararira ibyo bigo. Ntitwemerera abayobozi cyangwa abanyamuryango b’ingenzi b’ibigo kuba ku rubuga, ibimenyetso bibaranga gukoreshwa ku rubuga, cyangwa ubutumwa busingiza bo cyangwa ibikorwa byabo, n’imvugo ziteruye zibavugaho. Ikindi, tuvanaho ubufasha bwose kuri aba bantu n’ibigo.
Ntitwemera ubutumwa busingiza, bushyigikira, cyangwa bugaragaza ibikorwa Meta ifata nk’ibitero by’iterabwoba, ibikorwa bibiba urwango, urugomo rugira ingaruka kuri benshi cyangwa igeragezwa ry’urugomo rugira ingaruka kuri benshi, ubwicanyi bw'urusorongo, ibyaha bishingiye ku rwango cyangwa ibikorwa by’ihohotera. Ntitwemera kandi (1) ubutumwa busingiza, bushyigikira, cyangwa bugaragaza uwagabye(abagabye) ibyo bitero; (2) ibikubiyemo amakuru atangwa n'uwakoze icyaha yerekeye ibyo bitero; cyangwa (3) amashusho atangazwa n'abandi bantu agaragaza ibyo bitero bigabwa ku nzirakarengane zigaragara.
Ntitwemera kandi isingizwa, ifashwa, cyangwa igaragazwa ry’ingengabitekerezo z’urwango zagaragajwe n’imvugo ziteruye zizerekeye.
Ibigo n’abantu bakora ibikorwa by’iterabwoba, basobanurwa nk’abadakorera leta:
  • Bishora mu bikorwa by’urugomo bigambiriwe kandi byateguwe, babikorera ubuvugizi, cyangwa bakabitera inkunga ifatika,
  • Bitera cyangwa bigerageza gutera urupfu, gukomeretsa cyangwa kugirira nabi abasivili, cyangwa undi muntu udafite uruhare rutaziguye mu bushyamirane bwo mu bihe by’amakimbirane akoreshwamo intwaro, ndetse/cyangwa byangiza umutungo ujyana n’urupfu, gukomereka bikabije cyangwa kugirira nabi abasivili
  • Hagamijwe guhatira, gukangisha ndetse/cyangwa gukoresha abaturage b’abasivili, leta cyangwa ikigo mpuzamahanga
  • Kugira ngo hagerwe ku mugambi wa politiki, w’idini, cyangwa w’ingengabitekerezo.
Urwego rubiba urwango, rusobanurwa nk'ikigo cyangwa umuntu babiba cyangwa bashishikariza urwango ku bandi hashingiwe ku miterere irinzwe yabo. Ibikorwa by'urwo rwego birangwa byibuze n'imwe mu mtyitwarire ikurikira:
  • Urugomo, imvugo irimo ibikangisho, cyangwa uburyo bukomeye bwo guhoza ku nkeke byibasira abantu hashingiwe ku miterere irinzwe yabo.
  • Gukoresha kenshi imvugo y'urwango;
  • Guhagararira Ingengabitekerezo z'urwango cyangwa Inzego zibiba urwango zagaragajwe, no/cyangwa
  • Ishimagizwa cyangwa ishyigikirwa ry’izindi nzego zibiba urwango zagaragajwe cyangwa ingengabitekerezo z'urwango.
Imiryango yishora mu byaha, usobanurwa nk’umuryango ugizwe n’abantu batatu cyangwa barenga:
  • wunze ubumwe binyuze mu izina, ibara(amabara), ikimenyetso (ibimenyetso) byerekanishwa ikiganza cyangwa ibimenyetso bisanzwe bizwi; ndetse
  • wishoye cyangwa ukangisha kwishora mu cyaha nk’ubwicanyi, icuruzwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge, cyangwa ishimuta.
Urugomo rugira ingaruka kuri benshi n'Ubwicanyi bw'urusorongo
  • Dufata igikorwa nk’urugomo rugira ingaruka kuri benshi cyangwa igeragezwa ry’urugomo rugira ingaruka kuri benshi iyo kigize ingaruka ku bantu batatu cyangwa barenga mu gikorwa kimwe, basobanurwa nk’abishwe cyangwa abakomeretse bikomeye. Umuntu wakoze uko gusagarira abantu afatwa nk’uwakoze icyaha cyangwa uwagerageje gukora icyaha cy’urugomo rugira ingaruka kuri benshi.
  • Dufata umuntu wakoze ibyaha by’ubwicanyi bibiri cyangwa birenga mu bikorwa byinshi cyangwa abikoreye ahantu henshi nk’uwica abantu urusorongo.
Ingengabitekerezo z’urwango
  • Mu gihe gushyira mu byiciro ibigo n’abantu kwacu byibanda ku myitwarire, tunazirikana ko hari ingengabitekerezo n’imyemerere bimwe na bimwe bisanzwe bijyana n’urugomo no kugerageza gutegura abantu binyuze mu kubashishikariza kugira uruhare mu rugomo cyangwa ihezwa bikorerwa abandi hashingiwe ku miterere irinzwe yabo. Ku mpamvu nk’izi, tugaragaza ingengabitekerezo ubwayo maze tukavana ubutumwa bushyigikira ingengabitekerezo ku rubuga rwacu. Izo ngengabitekerezo zirimo:
    • Amatwara y’aba Nazi
    • Imyemerere y’uko abazungu baruta abandi bose batari bo
    • Imyemerere yo kwiharira igihugu kw’abazungu bonyine
    • Kwitandukanya n’abatari abazungu
  • Tuvanaho ishimagiza ryeruye, ishyigikirwa, n’igaragazwa ry’izi ngengabitekerezo, kandi tukavanaho abantu n’ibigo bayoboka imwe cyangwa nyinshi muri izi ngengabitekerezo z’urwango.
Urwego rwa 2: Abanyarugomo badakorera leta n’Inzego ziteza urugomo
Ibigo n’abantu bagaragazwa na Meta nk’abanyarugomo badakorera leta cyangwa Inzego ziteza urugomo ntibemerewe kuba ku mbuga zacu, cyangwa kuhaba bahagarariwe n’abandi mu izina ryabo. Igihe izi nzego zishoye cyane mu rugomo, arwanya abakorera leta cyangwa ingabo z’igihugu binyuze mu mirwano yitwaje intwaro (Abanyarugomo badakorera leta) cyangwa ziriho zitegura cyangwa ziha ishingiro urugomo ruteganijwe mu gihe kiri imbere cyangwa zishyiraho amabwiriza yarwo (Inzego ziteza urugomo), ubufasha bw’ibifatika bw’izo nzego ntibwemewe. Tuvanaho kandi ishimagizwa ry’ibi bigo.
Abakora ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi badakorera leta, basobanurwa nk’umuntu wese udakorera leta:
  • Wishora mu mujyo w’ibikorwa bigambiriwe kandi byateguwe by’ubugome bukabije byibasira leta, ingabo z’igihugu cyangwa indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro igira uruhare rutaziguye mu mirwano mu gihe cy’intambara zikoresha intwara, kandi udakorera abasivili ubugome bukabije ku bushake no mu buryo bweruye; NA/CYANGWA
  • Ubuza inzego uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikorwaremezo by’ingenzi cyangwa umutungo kamere; NA/CYANGWA
  • Wishora mu mujyo w’ibitero bigamije kwangiza bikomeye ibikorwaremezo bidateje urupfu, gukomeretsa bikabije cyangwa kwangiza ubuzima bw’abasivili bikabije.
Inzego ziteza urugomo zisobanurwa mu buryo bukurikira:
Urwego ruteza urugomo (Muri rusange) ni urwego rudakorera leta:
  • Rufite intego yagaragajwe cyangwa rufite inshingano iteganyijwe yo guha, binyuze mu rugomo, inshingano y'iyubahirizamategeko ya leta rutemererwa n'amategeko (nka porisi, igisirikari, urwego rw'abinjira n'abasohoka) mu mwanya wa leta ubwayo cyangwa hejuru yayo; cyangwa kubangamira binyuze mu rugomo inshingano y'iyubahirizamategeko ya leta;
  • Rwateye intambwe ikomeye kugira ngo rugere kuri iyi ntego yagaragajwe ku mbuga za Meta; kandi
  • Rwishoye incuro nyinshi mu bikorwa byo gukangisha cyangwa gushishikariza ubugome bukabije (kuri interineti cyangwa hanze yayo);
Ikigo cyakumiriwe kubiba urwango ni urwego rutari urwa leta:
  • Rwishora kenshi mu gikorwa cyangwa icengezamatwara bibiba urwango, ariko ntikigere ku rugero rw’ikigo cyo mu Rwego rwa 1 kuko bitigeze bigira uruhare mu rugomo cyangwa ngo birukorere ubuvugizi mu buryo bweruye, cyangwa kubera ko bidafite ibihagije bibahuza n’ibigo cyangwa abantu babanje kugaragazwa.
Kuri aya mahame y'ihuriro akurikira, dusaba andi makuru na/cyangwa izindi mpamvu kugira ngo yubahirizwe:
  • Ku mpamvu zimwe na zimwe, tuzemerera ibikubiyemo amakuru bishobora kugira ukundi bitubahiriza Amahame y'ihuriro igihe bigaragajwe ko ibyo bikubiyemo amakuru ari ubuse. Ibikubiyemo amakuru bizemerwa gusa ari uko ibibigize bitubahirije amategeko ari ibitera ubuse cyangwa byitirirwa ikindi kintu cyangwa undi umuntu hagamijwe kumukwena cyangwa kumujora.
Imikoreshereze y’ukoresha ibicuruzwa
Dore zimwe mu ngero zigaragaza uko iyubahiriza rigaragarira abantu kuri Facebook, nka: uko bigenda gutangira raporo ibyo utekereza ko bidakwiye kuba kuri Facebook, kubwirwa ko wanyuranyije n’amahame y'ihuriro yacu no kubona mugaragaza iburira ku bikubiyemo amakuru amwe n'amwe.
Icyitonderwa: Duhora tunoza, bityo rero ibyo ubona aha bishobora kuba bitakijyanye n’igihe ugereranije n’ibyo dukoresha ubu.
IMIKORESHEREZE Y’UKORESHA
Gutanga raporo
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Amakuru atangwa nyuma ya raporo
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IMIKORESHEREZE Y’UKORESHA
Mugaragaza ziburira
yerekeye
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Dufite amabwiriza amwe ku isi yose no kuri bose kuri Facebook.
Itsinda risuzuma
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Uruhare rw’abafatanyabikorwa
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