Gukangisha no Guhoza ku nkeke

Ubusobanuro burambuye bw’amabwiriza
Imikoreshereze y’ukoresha ibicuruzwa
yerekeye

Ibisobanuro by’ingamba

GUHINDURA IBIKAMAKURU
Ishingiro ry’amabwiriza
Gukangisha no guhoza ku nkeke bibaho ahantu henshi ndetse bikorwa mu buryo bwinshi butandukanye buhera ku gukoresha ibikangisho no gushyira hanze amakuru atuma umuntu amenyekana bukageza ku koherereza abantu ubutumwa bubatera ubwoba no kwandikira abantu ibibi batifuza. Ntitwihanganira imyitwarire nk’iyi kuko ibuza abantu kumva batekanye kandi bubashywe kuri Facebook, Instagram na Threads.
Dutandukanya ibyamamare n’abantu bihariye kuko dushaka kwemerera abantu ikiganiro, akenshi kizamo gutanga ibitekerezo bijora ku bantu bavugwa mu makuru cyangwa bakurikirwa na benshi. Ku byamamare, tuvanaho ubutumwa bwibasira bikabije kimwe n’ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe byibasira abantu aho ibyamamare biba byamenyekanishijwe mu buryo butaziguye mu cyatangajwe cyangwa igitekerezo. Dusobanura ibyamamare nk’abayobozi bo ku rwego rwa leta cyangwa rw’igihugu, abakandida bo mu rwego rwa politiki bahatanira imyanya muri izo nzego, abantu bafite abakunzi cyangwa ababakurikira basaga miriyoni imwe ku mbuga mpuzambaga n’abantu bavugwa cyane mu itangazamukuru.
Ku bantu bihariye, irinda ryacu rigera kure cyane : Dukuraho ubutumwa bugamije gutesha agaciro cyangwa gukoza isoni abantu harimo, urugero nk’amagambo yerekeye igikorwa cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina cy’umuntu. Tuzi ko gukangisha no guhoza ku nkeke bishobora kugira ingaruka zishingiye ku marangamutima zikomeye ku bana, ari yo mpamvu amabwiriza yacu atanga irinda rihanitse ku muntu wese utarageza ku myaka 18 y’ubukure, hatitawe ku irangamimerere ry’ukoresha ibicuruzwa.
Urwego ibintu bivuzwemo n’umugambi byitabwaho, ndetse twemerera abantu gutangaza no gusangiza iyo bigaragara neza ko ibintu byasangijwe hagamijwe kwamagana cyangwa kuvuga byimbitse ku gukangisha no guhoza ku nkeke. Ku mpamvu zimwe na zimwe, dusaba kwimenyekanisha k’umuntu kuko bidufasha kumva niba umuntu ugambiriwe yumva ashyizweho ibikangisho cyangwa ahozwa ku nkeke. Hejuru yo gutangira raporo iyo myitwarire n’ubwo butumwa, turashishikariza abantu gukoresha ibikoresho biboneka ku mbuga zacu kugira ngo bibafashe kubyirinda.
Dufite kandi Ipfundo ry’ubwirinzi ku gukanisha, ribonekamo amakuru agenewe abana, ababyeyi, n’abarezi bakenera ubufasha ku bibazo bijyanye no gukangisha n’andi makimbirane. Ritanga inyobora y’intambwe ku yindi, irimo amakuru ajyanye n’uburyo bwo gutangiza ibiganiro by’ingenzi byerekeye gukangisha. Menya ibindi byerekeye icyo turi gukora ngo turinde abantu gukangisha no guhozwa ku nkeke unyuze hano.
Icyitonderwa: Aya mabwiriza ntakurikizwa ku bantu bo mu bigo bigaragazwa hakurikijwe Amabwiriza agenga ibigo n’abantu bateza akaga cyangwa abantu bapfuye mbere y’umwaka wa 1900.
Urwego rwa 1: Uburinzi rusange kuri buri wese:
  • Buri wese arindwa:
    • Ubutumwa butifuzwa:
      • Bwoherezwa mu buryo bwisubira, CYANGWA
      • Buhoza undi ku nkeke bifitanye isano n’imibonano mpuzabitsina, CYANGWA
      • Bwohererezwa umubare munini w’abantu batabanje kubisabwa.
    • Guhamagarira abantu kwikomeretsa cyangwa kwiyahura k’umuntu by’umwihariko cyangwa kw’itsinda ry’abantu ku giti cyabo.
    • Kwibasira umuntu hashingiwe ku bunararibonye afite ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, icuruzwa mu busambanyi, guhoza undi ku nkeke bifitanye isano n’imibonano mpuzabitsina, cyangwa ihohotera rikorerwa mu ngo.
    • Imvugo zumvikanisha ubushake bwo kwishora mu gikorwa cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa gukorera ubuvugizi igikorwa cyo kwishora mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.
    • Ibitekerezo biganisha ku mibonano mpuzabitsina bikabije.
    • Amafoto mahimbano cyangwa ibishushanyo by’ukozasoni rufitanye isano n’imibonano mpuzabitsina
    • Kwibasira binyuze mu magambo y’iteshagaciro afitanye isano n’igikorwa cy’ubusambanyi (urugero: indaya, maraya).
    • Imvugo zemeza ko ibyago by’ubugome bitigeze bibaho.
    • Imvugo zemeza ko abantu ku giti cyabo batavugisha ukuri ku byerekeye kugirwaho ingaruka n’ibyago by'ubugome cyangwa igitero cy’iterabwoba, zirimo imvugo zemeza ko:
      • Kwigaragaza cyangwa kujijisha kwabo ko bagizweho ingaruka n’igikorwa cyihariye, cyangwa
      • Kwishyurwa cyangwa guhabwa akazi kugira ngo bayobye abantu ku byerekeye uruhare rwabo mu gikorwa.
  • Gukangisha gutanga nomero ya telefoni y’umuntu, aderesi y’aho atuye, aderesi imeyiri ye cyangwa amakuru yerekeye ubuvuzi yahawe (nk’uko byasobanuwe mu Amabwiriza yerekeye ukutubahiriza ubuzima bwite).
  • Guhamagarira abantu gukanga no/cyangwa guhoza undi ku nkeke cyangwa imvugo zumvikanisha ubushake bwo kubyishoramo.
  • Ubutumwa butesha agaciro cyangwa bwumvikanisha kugayisha abagaragazwa bari mu gihe cy’imihango y’abagore, bihagarika, baruka cyangwa bituma, cyangwa nyuma babirangije.
  • Buri wese arinzwe ibikurikira, ariko ku bakuze b’ibyamamare, bagomba kugaragazwa ku bushake kuri ibi:
    • Guhamagarira abantu ibyerekeye urupfu n’imvugo zemeza ibijyanye no kwandura cyangwa gufatwa n’uburwayi.
    • Kwishimira cyangwa gukwena urupfu cyangwa uburwayi.
    • Imvugo zemeza ibyerekeye indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.
    • Amagambo apfobya yerekeye imigaragarire y’inyuma h’umuntu.
Urwego rwa 2: Uburinzi bw’inyongera buhabwa abana bose, abakuze batari ibyamamare, ibyamamare bifite ubwamamare bufite aho bugarukira (urugero, abantu bafite ubwamamare bw’ibanze bugarukira mu bikorwa byabo, kuvugwa n’itangazamakuru, cyangwa ababa ibyamamare binyuze mu buryo batagizemo uruhare):
  • Uretse uburinzi rusange buhabwa buri wese, abana bose (abantu ku giti cyabo batari ibyamamare n’ibyamamare), abakuze batari ibyamamare n’ibyamamare bifite aho ubwamamare bwabyo bugarukira barindwa:
    • Imvugo zerekeye imibonano mpuzabitsina, uretse igihe bivugwa mu rwego rwo gushinjwa ibyaha byakorewe abakuze (gukorakora umuntu hagamijwe imibonano mpuzabitsina bitakozwe ku bushake).
    • Ubutumwa bugaragaza undi muntu mu ishusho y’igikoresho cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina (kugaragaza abana nk’ibikoresho by’imibonano mpuzabitsina bivugwaho mu Amabwiriza yerekeye Icuruzwa ry’abana mu busambanyi, ihohotera n’Ubwambure).
  • Abana bose (abantu batari ibyamamare n’ibyamamare), abakuze batari ibyamamare n’ibyamamare bifite ubwamamare bufite aho bugarukira) barindwa ibikurikira, ariko abana babaye ibyamamare bagomba kugaragazwa ku bushake kuri ibi:
    • Igereranya ritesha agaciro (mu nyandiko cyangwa mu mashusho) rikorewe cyangwa ryerekeye:
      • Inyamaswa n’inigwahabiri, harimo ibiremwa by’ibisabantu, bifatwa mu buryo bw’umuco nk’ibiri ku rwego rwo hasi.
      • Bagiteri, virusi, mikorobe, n’indwara.
      • Ibitagira ubuzima, birimo imyanda n’amabyi.
  • Ubutumwa bwahinduriwe kugaragaza, kwerekana, cyangwa gutuma mu bundi buryo abantu babona imiterere y’umubiri w’umuntu yihariye uko itari (izuru, amatwi, n’ibindi).
  • Ubutumwa bubashyira mu byiciro hashingiwe ku migaragarire y’inyuma cyangwa ibiranga imyitwarire yabo.
  • Ibikubiyemo amakuru atesha agaciro abantu bagaragazwa ko bahohoterwa ku mubiri (uretse igihe biri mu rwego rw’imikino njyarugamba).
Urwego rwa 3: Ubundi burinzi buhabwa abana batari ibyamamare, abakuze batari ibyamamare, n’abana babaye ibyamamare batabishaka:
  • Ibirenze ku burinzi bwose bwavuzwe hejuru, abana batari ibyamamare bose, abakuze batari ibyamamare bose (bagomba kwitangira raporo), n’abana babaye ibyamamare batabishaka:
    • Kuvuma umuntu wihariye.
    • Imvugo zerekeye kugirana umushyikirano w’abakundana, imyumvire iganisha ku gitsina cyangwa umwirondoro ushingiye ku gitsina.
    • Gushishikariza abantu igikorwa, imvugo zumvikanisha ikigamijwe, imvugo zumvikanisha umugambi cyangwa ibigomba gukorwa, cyangwa imvugo zikora ubuvugizi cyangwa zishyigikira iheza.
    • Imvugo zemeza imyitwarire cyangwa ubushobozi zitari nziza, uretse igihe ziri mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha n’amasuzuma ajyaye n’ubucuruzi ku bantu bakuru.
    • Imvugo zumvikanisha gusuzugurwa, kutishimira ibintu, cyangwa kutemera ukubaho k’umuntu, uretse igihe ari mu rwego rw’ibirego ku byaha byakorewe abakuze.
  • Igihe bitangiye raporo, abana batari ibyamamare, abakuze batari ibyamamare, n’abana babaye ibyamamare batabishaka barindwa ibikurikira:
    • Ibikangisho biri mu buryo bw’amajwi muri ngenga ya mbere.
    • Amashusho yahinduwe atifuzwa.
    • Kugereranya umuntu n’abandi bantu, abo mu nkuru mpimbano cyangwa bihariye hashingiwe ku miterere y’umubiri.
    • Imvugo zifitanye isano n’imyemerere ishingiye ku iyobokamana cyangwa gutuka Imana
    • Kugereranya abantu n’inyamaswa cyangwa udusimba duto mu muco zidafatwa nk’iziciriritse mu bwenge cyangwa mu miterere
    • Ubusobanuro bw’imiterere y’umubiri w’umuntu bw’imbera byombi.
    • Imvugo zemeza imyitwarire cyangwa ubushobozi zitari mbi.
    • Kwibasira binyuze mu magambo y’urukozasoni afite aho ahuriye no kwifuza gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina.
Urwego rwa 4: Uburinzi bw’inyongera ku bana batari ibyamamare gusa:
  • Abana barindwa ni bo barindwa cyane hakurikijwe amabwiriza yacu. Ibirenze ku burinzi bwose bwavuzwe hejuru, abana batari ibyamamare kandi barindwa:
    • Ibirego nshinjabyaha cyangwa imyitwarire ihabanye n’amategeko.
    • Videwo zigaragaza gukoresha ibikangisho ku bana zisangizwa mu rwego urwo ari rwo rwose.
    • Amagambo y’iteshagaciro afitanye isano go gutuka igitsina gore.
Gukangisha no guhoza ku nkeke binyuze muri paji, amatsinda, ibikorwa no mu butumwa
  • Uburinzi bwo ku rwego rwa 1 kugeza ku rwego rwa 4 bukurikizwa kandi kuri paji, amatsinda, ku bikorwa no ku butumwa.
Kuri aya mahame y'ihuriro akurikira, dusaba andi makuru na/cyangwa izindi mpamvu kugira ngo yubahirizwe:
Wikora ibi:
  • Gutangaza ubutumwa bugambiriye abantu batari ibyamamare binyuze mu ma Paji, Amatsinda n’Ibikorwa bitifuzwa. Tuvanaho ubu butumwa igihe butanzweho raporo n’uwibasiwe cyangwa uhagarariye byemewe uwibasiwe.
  • Gutangaza ubutumwa bwasobanuwe hejuru bushobora gutera uwibasiwe kubutangira raporo cyangwa igihe ubutumwa bugaragaza ko uwabutangaje agambiriye mu buryo butaziguye uwibasiwe (urugero: uwibasiwe yamenyekanishijwe mu cyatangajwe cyangwa mu gitekerezo cyatanzwe). Tuvanaho ubu butumwa iyo duhamirijwe n’uwibasiwe cyangwa uhagarariye byemewe uwibasiwe (ukiriho cyangwa uwapfuye) ko ubwo butumwa batabushaka.
  • Gutangaza ubutumwa buhamagarira abantu cyangwa bugaragaza ubushake bwo kugira uruhare mu myitwarire ishobora gufatwa nko gukangisha cyangwa guhoza ku nkeke umuntu hashingiwe ku mabwiriza yacu. Tuvanaho ubu butumwa igihe duhamirijwe n’uwibasiwe cyangwa uhagarariye byemewe uwibasiwe ko ubwo butumwa batabushaka.
  • Gutangaza ubutumwa bushyira icyamamare mu ishusho y’igikoresho cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina Tuvanaho ubu butumwa igihe duhamirijwe n’uwibasiwe cyangwa uhagarariye byemewe uwibasiwe ko ubwo butumwa batabushaka.
  • Gutangiza ikiganiro gishyira ku nkeke uganirizwa mu buryo bufitanye isano n’imibonano mpuzabitsina. Tuzakuraho ibintu byose bisangiwe murwego rutifuzwa mugihe dufite icyemezo cyatanzwe nuwahawe, cyangwa uhagarariye uwahawe uburenganzira ko uwakiriye adashaka.
  • Kuvanaho igikorwa cyo guhoza ku nkeke cyagutse imbaga, igihe:
    • Kigambiriye, binyuze mu nzira izo ari zo zose, ‘abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo gukomeretswa hanze ya interineti’, bitwa:
      • Abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu
      • Abana
      • Abagirwaho ingaruka n’ibikorwa bibi/by’ubugome
      • Abatavuga rumwe na leta bari mu bihugu biri mu kaga mu bihe by’amatora
      • Abakora mu bikorwa by’amatora
      • Abarwanya leta bagambiriwe kubera imimerere yabo yo kurwanya leta.
      • Amatsinda mato y’abantu bahuje ubwoko cyangwa idini bari mu bice birimo amakimbirane
      • Umunyamuryango w’itsinda riri mu kaga ryagaragajwe kandi rizwi
    • Kugambirira umuntu binyuze mu nzira z’urubuga ze, nko mu gasanduku kakira ubutumwa cyangwa imyirondoro, hifashishijwe:
      • Ubutumwa butubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibijyanye no gukangisha no guhozwa ku nkeke ku bantu batari ibyamamare cyangwa,
      • Ubutumwa butemewe bushingiye ku miterere irinzwe
  • Guhagarika konti zashowe mu gikorwa cyo guhoza ku nkeke imbaga nk’umwe mu
    • Miyoboro ya leta cyangwa iri mu bubasha bwa leta igambiriye umuntu uwo ari we wese binyuze mu nzira iyo ari yo yose
    • Imiyoboro y’abatavuga rumwe igambiriye umuntu uwo ari we wese binyuze mu nzira iyo ari yo yose hifashishijwe:
      • Ubutumwa butubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibijyanye no gukangisha no guhozwa ku nkeke ku bantu batari ibyamamare cyangwa,
      • Ubutumwa buberekezaho bushingiye ku miterere irinzwe, cyangwa,
      • Ubutumwa cyangwa imyitwarire bifatwa nk’ibitemewe mu myumvire yo mu gihugu
Imikoreshereze y’ukoresha ibicuruzwa
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Icyitonderwa: Duhora tunoza, bityo rero ibyo ubona aha bishobora kuba bitakijyanye n’igihe ugereranije n’ibyo dukoresha ubu.
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